This vignette provides an overview of the overpass package, an R interface to the overpass OpenStreetMap API. Documentation on the API can be found at wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Overpass_API For a wider overview of the massive crowdsouced GIS project underlying OSM data, see (Neis and Zipf 2012).
Additional citations (for final vignette and paper):
Mashhadi, Afra, Giovanni Quattrone, and Licia Capra. 2015. “The Impact of Society on Volunteered Geographic Information: The Case of Openstreetmap.” In OpenStreetMap in Giscience, 125–41. Springer.
Neis, Pascal, and Alexander Zipf. 2012. “Analyzing the Contributor Activity of a Volunteered Geographic Information Project—The Case of Openstreetmap.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 1 (2). Molecular Diversity Preservation International: 146–65.
Olbricht, Roland M. 2015. “Data Retrieval for Small Spatial Regions in Openstreetmap.” In OpenStreetMap in Giscience, 101–22. Springer.